Membrane bioreactors employing hollow fiber membranes have become prominent as a powerful technology for diverse biotechnological applications. These systems provide distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article presents a in-depth analysis of hollow fiber membran

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These sophisticated systems leverage the properties of here hollow fiber membranes to facilitate superior mass transfer, cellular growth, and product formation. This comprehensive review delves into the fundamentals of hollow fiber